Of all shootings that took place at U.S. schools in 2018 and 2019, nearlyfatal and non-fatal school shootings in Texas
Between 1995 and 2016, 33 Texas public schools experienced a shooting on school grounds during school hours — some schools had more than one. We found that students who had been exposed to a shooting at school were more likely to be chronically absent and to be held back a grade in the two years after the event.They were also significantly less likely to graduate high school, go to or graduate from college. The impacts extended into their early adult life. In their mid 20s, they were less likely to be employed and had lower earnings than their peers who had not been exposed to a shooting at school.
These adverse impacts are observed in students exposed to mass shootings, but also the more routine acts of gun violence in schools that rarely make the news. With an average of nearlyexperiencing an act of gun violence at their school annually in recent years, our findings suggest that the aggregate costs of school gun violence in terms of lost lifetime earnings is nearly $5.8 billion.