"The ports are closed. The metallurgical industries of Mariupol were among our main consumers of iron ore. Clients in Zaporizhzhia have also slowed down their activity. Our iron mines are at a standstill," said Mr Sergiy Milutin, deputy mayor of Kryvyi Rih.
But the costs have"multiplied by two or three" for steel producers, Ms Marina Bozkurt, an analyst with Rystad, said.'De-economisation' By September, over 420 Ukrainian industries and companies have been damaged or destroyed by the war, comprising an estimated loss of US$30 billion, according to the Kyiv School of Economics.
The importance of heavy industry for the economy explains why Russia pounds it, according to Mr Anatoly Kovaliov, rector of the Odessa National University of Economics.