Chipmaker Nvidia became the most valuable publicly traded U.S. company for a period this week, topping Apple and Microsoft.
Nvidia's historic rise in valuation — the stock has climbed almost ninefold since the end of 2022 — has been driven almost entirely by demand for its graphics processing units that are at the heart of the boom in generative artificial intelligence and, more broadly, by the hype over AI. Nvidia has over 80% of the market for chips used to train and deploy AI software like ChatGPT. A handful of huge tech companies are the primary buyers of its chips.
By contrast, Apple, ranked No. 1 by Interbrand, makes the vast majority of its money by selling iPhones and other devices to consumers across the globe. Microsoft, ranked second, is an enterprise sales giant, but is ubiquitously known for its Windows and Office software. Third-ranked Amazon strives to be consumers' everything store, and No. 4 Google is, for many people, the front door to the internet.
When Nvidia was founded in 1991, AI was a nascent field. The company's primary focus was on designing chips that could draw digital triangles quickly, a basic capability that led to a huge expansion in 3D games.
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