mergent was founded in 1998, and it signed its first contract that same year with the federal government to manufacture and improve BioThrax, which is still the only FDA-licensed anthrax vaccine. Unfortunately, their timing was perfect. Only 3 years later, in the fall of 2001, five people would be killed in a series of anthrax terror attacks through the U.S. mail.
Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine uses a technology similar to what it developed to fight Ebola. It uses a version of a common cold virus that’s been genetically modified to enter cells but can’t replicate or cause disease in them. But the parts have been stripped out, so to speak, and replaced with a DNA sequence that teaches the cells in your body to make a piece of the virus that causes Covid-19. That virus piece “trains” your immune system to attack the coronavirus in the event of infection.
Over the past year, Emergent has worked build up capacity to produce J&J’s and AstraZeneca’s vaccine, as well as manufacturing trial vaccines for Novavax and Vaxart. Those latter two were relatively small-scale efforts – at most 50,000 doses or less. Emergent began the time-consuming effort of ramping up for large-scale production for J&J in December, right about the time that Moderna’s and Pfizer’s vaccines were approved for emergency use.
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