Factbox: Biodiversity finance options grow, but pace of investment still slow

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Global talks on protecting nature continue in Montreal, with the theme of Wednesday's session dedicated to finance.

The tricky issue of how to direct more money to projects such as preserving mangrove forests or expanding forest cover is a central sticking point for negotiators ahead of the end of the COP15 conference, slated for Dec. 19.$384 billion a yearA group of 150 financial firms pledged on Tuesday to help preserve endangered natural ecosystems through their financing and investments, which currently collectively cover assets worth more than $24 trillion.

Below are some of the ways in which money is already moving, as well as several ideas for increasing the flow of finance.Linking biodiversity gains to the cost of a government's sovereign debt is expected to grow in popularity in the coming years as moreChile this year became the first country to issue a sovereign sustainability-linked bond, raising $2 billion to help fund its climate goals.to preserve more of their natural environment in so-called "debt-for-nature" swaps.

Blue bonds are debt instruments where money is raised specifically to finance a marine or ocean-based project that provides environmental benefit, for example by preserving coral or limiting pollution., which raised $100 million in May to "help prevent marine pollution and preserve clean water resources, while supporting the country's climate goals.

In Brazil, the government-backed Amazon Fund was established in 2008 to funnel money primarily from Norway and Germany to projects that promoted protection of the rainforest. Right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro froze all new project approvals shortly after assuming office in 2009, citing irregularities among non-government organisations receiving funding, without providing any proof.

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