Apart from the economics of the mine, Adani faces other headwinds, including an Australian coal boom that has probably peaked, analysts said.
“The boom period for Australian thermal coal exports has plateaued” said Peter Kiernan, lead energy analyst at the Economist Intelligence Unit in Singapore. “A sharp reduction in coal use from export markets such as China, Japan, and India represents a considerable threat,” he said. As an integrated producer selling to its own plants in India, Adani may also be able to offset small margins with gains elsewhere, such as giving other parties access to its planned rail line if authorities allow new mines in the same coal basin.
The Australian Department of Industry, Innovation and Science expects thermal coal imports from Japan, Australia’s biggest buyer, to shrink to 131 million tonnes a year by 2024 from over 140 million tonnes last year. Australian producers are struggling to make inroads in coal’s remaining boom markets of South Asia in the face of lower-cost competition from Indonesia.
'a sunset industry'? is like the peak oil theory in the '80's,. talk by consultants and top down administrators removed from reality. Coal as mayor energy source will be around longer than .especially if negative branding of nuclear continues
according to my research, you can mix 1kg of coal powder with 350ml of H20 and bake at 51 psi and 1301 fahrenheit for 10 seconds to produce zinc. and you can mess with the variables to produce different metals.
making other materials from carbon has been around but I guess the techs are not shared publicly. pressure and heat are the 2 minimum elements you need to transform carbon. you can use water (H and O) to mix the coal into a good consistency and bake it in pressure cookers.
China’s power industry calls for hundreds of new coal power plants by 2030. Under the proposal, the country could add a large coal power plant every 2 weeks for the next 12 years. The Chinese government has not adopted the industry proposal, but it is under consideration.